一 | 近日春暖花开、气温回升 你是不是计划着 带上装备踏青赏花 再来个踩水捉虾？ 近日，中国疾控中心接连发布提醒 注意防范血吸虫一年四季都有可能感染血吸虫病 4-10月是最容易感染的时间 春夏感染风险更大 外出玩水需谨慎 谨防感染血吸虫病 什么是血吸虫病？ 血吸虫病是由血吸虫寄生于人或者哺乳动物引起的具有传染性、地方性和自然疫源性的寄生虫病，是一种呈全球流行的被忽视的热带寄生虫病。 我国流行的是由日本血吸虫感染引起的日本血吸虫病，属法定乙类传染病。如不及时治疗或未治愈，发展到晚期，肝脏等器官会受损，导致门静脉高压，出现肝脾肿大、腹水等症状，人会变得骨瘦如柴、肚大如鼓，因此也被称为“大肚子病”。 A Montana man who was mauled by a grizzly bear that bit off the front of his lower jaw is ready to return home after five weeks in a Utah hospital, a physician and his family said Friday during a news conference.Rudy Noorlander, who answered most questions at the University of Utah hospital by writing on a white board, is looking forward to having a root beer float, reuniting with his Yorkshire terrier Sully, returning to the outdoors and maybe even being able to attend the rivalry football game next month between the Montana Grizzlies and his beloved Montana State Bobcats.“And he's developed a whole new hatred toward the University of Montana,” his daughter Katelynn Noorlander Davis said, referring to the team's mascot.Noorlander can speak briefly, but it hurts “a little,” he said. He will need speech therapy, his surgeon, Dr. Hilary McCrary said. Noorlander didn't want to take questions about the attack because he wants to tell the story himself and write a book. And he'd like to have actor Cole Hauser from the “Yellowstone" television series play his character in the movie adaptation.Noorlander's adult daughters — Ashley Noorlander and Davis — sat on either side of him during the news conference, recounting the ups and downs of the past five weeks.Davis read a statement her father wrote, thanking people for the support, love, prayers and kindness he's received from friends and strangers. “I truly feel blessed to be surrounded by such amazing people,” Davis said, reading her father's statement. “I also want to say that the first root beer float is going to taste so amazing and soon I'm going to be a free-range chicken and won't be hooked up to anything.”The family is hoping he'll be able to return home on Monday.Noorlander was attacked by a grizzly bear on Sept. 8 after joining two people to look for a deer they had shot and wounded. The bear came upon him so quickly, he did not have time to deploy bear spray and his gun misfired, according to reports at the time.The attack happened south of Big Sky, a popular resort area about 55 miles (90 kilometers) north of Yellowstone National Park, where Noorlander has a business renting out all-terrain vehicles and snowmobiles. It took several hours for him to be removed from the area via helicopter. He was taken to the hospital in Bozeman, where he underwent a tracheostomy to create an airway through his trachea, McCrary said. Then he was flown to the hospital in Utah.Noorlander's jaw and lower lip were reconstructed during a 10-hour operation on Sept. 28 using a portion of his lower leg bone and transplanted skin, said McCrary. He also got dental implants during that surgery. McCrary said she was amazed by Noorlander's determination to recover when she met him the day after the attack.“He was very adamant that he was going to fight this thing and get through it. And at that point, he was still on a ventilator and had a chest tube and lots of lines everywhere," McCrary said. Noorlander wrote that his family and life motivated him to keep fighting and, showing his sense of humor, added “I will win Round 2,” with the bear.Noorlander was asked why he wanted to share his story.“Only by the hands of God am I here,” Noorlander wrote. “Believe it or not, I believe that this attack was an answer to my prayers and that potentially it could help somebody else going through something similar.”He said he was also glad it was him that was attacked, rather than four older hikers he saw on the same trail that day.Noorlander still has a small wound under his chin that will need to heal and doctors are working on getting him ready to eat without risking infection, McCrary said.“And maybe if he's really lucky, we'll have a root beer float waiting for you in the room,” she told Noorlander.。 接触10秒即可感染 血吸虫是一种寄生于脊椎动物血管内的吸虫，又称裂体吸虫。能寄生于人体并致病的血吸虫主要有七种，即日本血吸虫、曼氏血吸虫、埃及血吸虫、间插血吸虫、湄公血吸虫、马来血吸虫和几内亚血吸虫。其中前三种分布最广泛、危害最严重。 血吸虫的发育分为虫卵、毛蚴、母胞蚴、子胞蚴、尾蚴、童虫及成虫共七个阶段，其中尾蚴是可以感染人体的阶段。尾蚴在水中接触到人的体表后可侵入人体。有实验证明，宿主动物只要接触尾蚴10秒，就可被感染。
二 | 吸血虫不同于血吸虫 人们说的吸血虫，常常指的是水蛭，又称蚂蟥，是一种以吸血或食腐肉为生的体外寄生虫。其体长、扁平，略呈纺锤形，前后有两个吸盘可附着于人和动物体表。
三 | 水蛭生活在水田、河流、稻田、湖沼、沟渠和浅水污秽坑塘等处，在我国各地均有分布，种类很多。 如何预防血吸虫病？ 感染血吸虫的直接原因是接触了含有血吸虫尾蚴的水体（疫水）。因此，不接触可能含有血吸虫尾蚴的水体、安全用水是避免感染的关键。 当生产和生活必须接触疫水时，可以通过穿戴防护用品（胶手套、胶鞋、胶衣、胶裤等）、涂抹防护霜（剂）、预防性服药来预防感染血吸虫。 若感染如何治疗？ 当不可避免地接触了疫水，出现了发热等症状或脱离水体一个月后，应主动及时到血吸虫病防治机构或疾病预防控制机构进行检查以便诊断和治疗。 如果确认感染，吡喹酮是目前唯一在血吸虫病流行区广泛使用的高效、低毒、使用方便的口服抗血吸虫药物。服药时应谨遵医嘱，加强随访。 眼下正值春暖花开之际 出游务必做好防护！ （中国小康网微信公众号综合北京日报、中国疾控中心、广州日报、扬子晚报） 图源：网络 编辑：武金洋 审核：田苑淯颖。
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